Which case established the principle of judicial review in the United States?

The case that established the principle of judicial review in the United States is Marbury v. Madison. This landmark decision, decided by the Supreme Court in 1803, held that it is the duty of the judicial system to interpret the law and ensure that laws passed by Congress do not violate the Constitution. In this case, Chief Justice John Marshall articulated that the Supreme Court has the authority to review acts of Congress and determine their constitutionality. This laid the foundation for the judiciary's role as a check on the legislative and executive branches, affirming that the Constitution is the supreme law of the land and that it is the judiciary's responsibility to uphold it.

The significance of Marbury v. Madison extends beyond the immediate implications of the case; it established the power of the courts to overrule the other branches of government when their actions are inconsistent with the Constitution. This principle of judicial review has become a cornerstone of the American legal system, ensuring that individual rights and liberties remain protected against potential governmental overreach.