What term describes the ability of voters to remove an elected official from office?

The term that describes the ability of voters to remove an elected official from office is "Recall." This process allows citizens to petition for a special election to determine whether an elected official should be removed from their position before the end of their term. The recall process typically involves gathering a certain number of signatures from registered voters to trigger the election.

In the context of state governance, particularly in Arizona, the recall is an important form of direct democracy, empowering voters to hold elected officials accountable for their actions while in office. This mechanism is particularly significant because it reinforces the principle that elected representatives are accountable to their constituents.

The other terms listed have different meanings. An initiative refers to a process whereby voters can propose legislation or constitutional amendments for approval. A referendum involves the submission of a proposed law to the electorate for approval or rejection, often concerning significant legislative changes. Legislation refers to the laws that are enacted by a legislative body, such as the state legislature or Congress. Thus, "Recall" is distinct from these other processes, highlighting its unique role in the governance system.