What does the term "checks and balances" describe in the U.S. government?

The term "checks and balances" describes a fundamental principle in the U.S. government, which is designed to ensure that no single branch—executive, legislative, or judicial—becomes too powerful. This system operates through a design of overlapping authority, where each branch has the ability to limit the powers of the others. For instance, the executive branch can veto legislation proposed by the legislative branch, while the legislative branch has the authority to override that veto. Similarly, the judicial branch can review laws passed by the legislative branch and declare them unconstitutional if they run afoul of the Constitution. This framework promotes accountability and prevents abuses of power, ensuring that all branches are held in check by one another. It is essential for maintaining the balance of power and protecting democratic principles within the government.